Four Walls

Dualistic Principles Evident in A Tale of Two Cities detailed Critical Study  Definition: According to the Oxford Dictionary, “ An instance of opposition or contrast between two concepts or two aspects of something is called dualism” ( https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/duality ). Duality implies the simultaneous existence of opposing forces. In A Tale of Two Cities, duality is highlighted through the juxtaposition of polar opposites. These polar opposites are either two abstract values or ideals that oppose each other or characters that symbolize two opposing traits. The dualistic forces evident in A Tale of Two Cities areas follows:

The aspect of Resurrection in Tale of Two Cities Critical Study  Definition: According to the Cambridge Dictionary, resurrection is “the act of bringing something that had disappeared or ended, back into use or existence”. Resurrection implies revival and rebirth.  (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/resurrection)

Realism in Tess of the d’Urbervilles summary   • The novel authentically portrays the challenges, anxieties, and the social milieu or social conditions prevalent in the Victorian era. E.g – a) Tess’s plight b) Financial challenges encountered by the Durbeyfields and Izzy, Marian and Retty c) The social privileges enjoyed by the rich such as Alec. • Third-person narrative • Life-like characterization- portrays believable human behavior Credit goes to Ma'am Saima Najib .

Gender Disparity highly Evident in Victorian Society Tess of D'Urbervilles There was a wide difference between men and women in Victorian society in terms of societal expectations. Moreover, in the Victorian era, there were different moral standards for both men and women.  The term disparity refers to difference or inequality. The various forms of gender disparity in Tess of the d’Urbervilles are discussed below: 

Evolutionary Meliorism in Victorian Society  in the Tess of D'Urbervilles Instead of viewing himself as a pessimist, Hardy regarded himself as an “evolutionary meliorist” (Bailey 569). In a conversation with William Archer, Hardy claimed that his “practical philosophy had been melioristic (rather than pessimistic) and that his books had been a plea against man's inhumanity to man — to woman, and to the lower animals” (319). According to The American Heritage Dictionary, meliorism refers to “The belief that the human condition can be improved through concerted effort” (n.p). Meliorism also refers to “The belief that there is an inherent tendency toward progress or improvement in the human condition” ( https://www.yourdictionary.com/meliorism). In other words, Hardy believed that the human plight can be improved through consistent, dedicated effort. 

Critical overview in Pride and Prejudice Study Guide Examples of Irony in Pride and Prejudice Verbal Irony 1. “It is a truth universally acknowledged….wife” (Austen 3) - from Chapter 1. 2. Elizabeth makes the following comment about Mr. Darcy to Mr. Wickham in Chapter 41: “In essentials, I believe, he is very much what he ever was” (Austen 192).  3. In Chapter 4, Mrs. Hurst and Caroline Bingley are portrayed in the following manner: “They were rather handsome, had been educated in one of the…entitled to think well of themselves, and meanly to others” (Austen 12, 13). The irony resides in the fact that the readers soon realize that the sisters are proud, snobbish and are unrefined since they do not always resort to social propriety and show an immense degree of malice toward the Bennets.

Examples of Irony in Pride and Prejudice The irony in Pride and Prejudice and its examples Verbal Irony 1. “It is a truth universally acknowledged….wife” (Austen 3) - from Chapter 1. 2. Elizabeth makes the following comment about Mr. Darcy to Mr. Wickham in Chapter 41: “In essentials, I believe, he is very much what he ever was” (Austen 192). 

An overview of Exploration of the Fatalistic Philosophy Highlighted in Tess of d'Urbervilles   According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary , fatalistic refers to a belief in the notion that “events are decided by fate and that one cannot control them” or prevent “them from happening” (558). A person who terms himself as a fatalist believes that the circumstances of one’s life are beyond one’s control and hence, it is fate rather than free will that determines the outcome of one’s actions or the course of one’s life. In his essay, Thomas Hardy’s Philosophical Outlook , Andrzej Diniejko claims that Hardy was a fatalist “who was aware that man's life is controlled by some inexplicable external force, which he sometimes calls” fate ( http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/hardy/diniejko3.html ). David Cecil also maintains that Hardy’s novels highlight, “A struggle between a man on the one hand and, on the other, an omnipotent and indifferent Fate…That is Hardy’s interpr...

A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Book Preview I t was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way—in short, the period was so far like the present peri- od, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only. More

Pride and Prejudice Jane Auston 's novel Book   Preview Reading Jane Austen as a Moral Philosopher Thomas Rodham keenly observes Jane Austen’s exacting ethical expertise.  Jane Austen (1775-1817) wrote delicious romantic comedies about middle-class girls looking for good husbands among the landed gentry of Regency England. But if that were all there was to it we wouldn’t make her any more seriously now than the genre hack published by Mills and Boon. What’s so special about her novels that we are still reading them today? It’s not just their literary quality. Austen was also a brilliant moral philosopher who analysed and taught a virtue ethics for middle-class life that is surprisingly contemporary. Appreciating this can help us understand why she wrote the way she did, and how and why we should read her today. Austen’s Literary Situation Austen is justly celebrated as a literary icon both for her genius and for her role in inventing the modern novel. Her ...

CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION What is cross-cultural communication? The phrase cross-cultural communication describes the ability to successfully form, foster, and improve relationships with members of a culture different from one's own. It is based on knowledge of many factors, such as the other culture's values, perceptions, manners, social structure, and decision-making practices, and an understanding of how members of the group communicate--verbally, non-verbally, in person, in writing, and in various business and social contexts, to name but a few. More  

Relationship between language and culture

Ethnic Conflicts An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more contending ethnic groups. While the source of the conflict may be political, social, economic or religious, the individuals in conflict must expressly fight for their ethnic group's position within society. This final criterion differentiates ethnic conflict from other forms of struggle. MOre

Issuesof Identity in a Multicultural Society Definition of a Multicultural Society: Multicultural society is a vision of a society , where people with different nationalities, languages, religions and ethnicities living together. People with different cultures can have different traditions, lifestyles or imagine of values and ethics. More

Linguistic imperialism  Linguistic imperialism , or language imperialism, is defined as "the transfer of a dominant  language  to other people". The transfer is considered demonstration of  power —traditionally,  military power  but also, in the modern world,  economic power —and aspects of the dominant  culture  are usually transferred along with the language. More

Theproblems of Linguistic inequality “Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols. Human creates language to fulfil their social needs. It is a systematic media of communication. Language and society are More

IdentityCrisis What is identity? “Identity is the qualities, beliefs, personality, looks and/or expressions that make a person (self-identity) or group (particular social category or social group). The process of identity can be creative or destructive.” James, Paul (2015). More

TYPES OF IDENTITY Religious Identity: It is a specific type of identity formation. It is the sense of group membership to a religion and the importance of this group membership as it pertains to one's  self-concept . Religious identity is not necessarily the same as religiousness or  religiosity . Although these three terms share a commonality, religiousness and religiosity refer to both the value of religious group membership as well as participation More  

Language Attitudes DOCS Language attitudes are actually the feelings people have about their own language or the languages of others, and further defined, as an individual’s psychological construction regarding their own language and/or the languages of others More

Language Attitudes PPT Language attitudes are actually the feelings people have about their own language or the languages of others, and further defined, as an individual’s psychological construction regarding their own language and/or the languages of others More